Java syntax, data types, and variables

Java syntax refers to the set of rules that govern how Java code is written and structured. Some examples of Java syntax include:

1. Statement

   : A statement is a single line of code that performs an action. For example:

2. Expression

   : An expression is a combination of values, variables, and operators that evaluates to a single value. For example:

3. Control structure

   : Control structures, such as if-else statements, for loops, and while loops, control the flow of execution in a Java program. For example:

Data Types in Java

Java has a number of built-in data types that are used to store values in variables. Some of the most common data types in Java include:

1. int: An integer data type used to store whole numbers. For example:

2. float: A floating-point data type used to store numbers with fractional values. Below is one example. The "f" suffix after the value of 10.5 indicates that it is a float literal, which is necessary because decimal literals are interpreted as doubles by default, and assigning a double to a float variable without an explicit cast can result in a loss of precision.

3. double: A double-precision floating-point data type used to store numbers with larger fractional values. For example:

4. boolean: A boolean data type used to store a true or false value. For example:

5. char: A character data type used to store a single character. Below is one example. The char keyword specifies that the variable has a character data type, which means it can store a single character. If we use double quotes for the value assignment e.g. "A", it will result in a compile-time error, because it attempts to assign a string literal to a character variable.