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Tutorials > Spring > Spring Features

Spring Features

Spring provides a comprehensive set of features for building enterprise-level applications, including:

  1. Inversion of Control (IoC) and Dependency Injection (DI): Spring helps manage the dependencies between objects in an application and provides a mechanism for injecting those dependencies. This helps to decouple the components of an application, making it easier to maintain and test.

Example:

public class MyService {

  private MyRepository repository;

  public MyService(MyRepository repository) {
    this.repository = repository;
  }

  public void doSomething() {
    ...
    repository.save(...);
  }

}

public class MyController {

  private MyService service;

  public MyController(MyService service) {
    this.service = service;
  }

  public void handleRequest() {
    service.doSomething();
  }

}

...

<bean id="myRepository" class="com.example.MyRepository"/>
<bean id="myService" class="com.example.MyService">
  <constructor-arg ref="myRepository"/>
</bean>
<bean id="myController" class="com.example.MyController">
  <constructor-arg ref="myService"/>
</bean>

In the example above, MyController and MyService are classes that depend on an instance of MyRepository. The dependencies are declared using constructor arguments in the XML configuration file.

  1. Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP): Spring provides support for AOP, which is a programming paradigm that allows you to define aspects of your application that cut across multiple objects. This helps to modularize cross-cutting concerns, such as logging and security, and keep them separate from the core business logic.

Example:

@Aspect
public class MyAspect {

  @Around("execution(* com.example.MyService.*(..))")
  public Object log(ProceedingJoinPoint pjp) throws Throwable {
    System.out.println("Entering: " + pjp.getSignature());
    try {
      return pjp.proceed();
    } finally {
      System.out.println("Exiting: " + pjp.getSignature());
    }
  }

}

...

<bean class="com.example.MyAspect"/>
<aop:aspectj-autoproxy />

In the example above, an aspect is defined using the MyAspect class and the @Aspect annotation. The aspect defines a pointcut that matches all methods in the MyService class, and the log method is executed before and after each method in that class. The aspect is registered as a bean in the XML configuration file, and the aop:aspectj-autoproxy element enables aspect-oriented programming in the application.

  1. Transactions: Spring provides a consistent and simplified API for managing transactions in your applications. This helps to ensure the atomicity, consistency, and isolation of transactions, even when working with different data sources and transaction management APIs.

Example:

@Transactional
public class MyService {

  private MyRepository repository;

  public MyService(MyRepository repository) {
    this.repository = repository;
  }

  public void saveData(Data data) {
    repository.save(data);
  }

}

...

<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>

<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
  <property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
In the example above, the MyService class is annotated with @Transactional to indicate that the saveData method should participate in a transaction. The tx:annotation-driven element in the XML configuration file enables annotation-driven transaction management, and the transactionManager bean defines the transaction manager to use.


Next: Spring Dependency Injection using XML Configuration

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