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IoT Smart Agriculture and Farming

IoT Smart Agriculture and Farming involves using IoT devices to monitor and control various aspects of agriculture and farming operations, such as irrigation, soil moisture, temperature, humidity, and crop growth. Here's an example of how to use IoT devices to monitor soil moisture and control irrigation using the Arduino platform:

c++
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#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_BME280.h>

#define IRRIGATION_PIN 3

Adafruit_BME280 bme;

void setup() {
  Serial.begin(9600);
  pinMode(IRRIGATION_PIN, OUTPUT);
  if (!bme.begin(0x76)) {
    Serial.println("Could not find a valid BME280 sensor, check wiring!");
    while (1);
  }
}

void loop() {
  float temperature = bme.readTemperature();
  float humidity = bme.readHumidity();
  float pressure = bme.readPressure() / 100.0F;

  float soil_moisture = analogRead(A0) / 1024.0F;

  if (soil_moisture < 0.3) {
    digitalWrite(IRRIGATION_PIN, HIGH);
  } else {
    digitalWrite(IRRIGATION_PIN, LOW);
  }

  Serial.print("Temperature = ");
  Serial.print(temperature);
  Serial.println(" *C");

  Serial.print("Humidity = ");
  Serial.print(humidity);
  Serial.println(" %");

  Serial.print("Pressure = ");
  Serial.print(pressure);
  Serial.println(" hPa");

  Serial.print("Soil Moisture = ");
  Serial.print(soil_moisture);
  Serial.println("");

  delay(1000);
}

This code reads temperature, humidity, and pressure data from a BME280 sensor and soil moisture data from an analog sensor. If the soil moisture is below a threshold value, it turns on an irrigation system connected to the IRRIGATION_PIN. The data is then printed to the serial monitor.

Here's another example of how to use IoT devices to monitor and control a greenhouse environment using the Raspberry Pi and Python:

python
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import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import dht11
import time
import requests

# initialize GPIO
GPIO.setwarnings(False)
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(21, GPIO.OUT)

# initialize DHT11 sensor
instance = dht11.DHT11(pin=17)

while True:
    # read temperature and humidity data from DHT11 sensor
    result = instance.read()
    if result.is_valid():
        temperature = result.temperature
        humidity = result.humidity
        print("Temperature: {} *C, Humidity: {} %".format(temperature, humidity))

        # send data to a cloud platform for further processing
        url = "https://api.example.com/data"
        data = {"temperature": temperature, "humidity": humidity}
        response = requests.post(url, json=data)
        print("Response: {}".format(response.text))

        # turn on/off the ventilation fan depending on the temperature and humidity
        if temperature > 30 or humidity > 80:
            GPIO.output(21, GPIO.HIGH)
        else:
            GPIO.output(21, GPIO.LOW)

    time.sleep(10)

This code reads temperature and humidity data from a DHT11 sensor, sends the data to a cloud platform for further processing, and turns on/off a ventilation fan connected to GPIO pin 21 depending on the temperature and humidity. The code also prints the data and the response from the cloud platform to the console. This example can be adapted to work with other sensors and actuators commonly used in smart agriculture and farming.



Next: IoT Industrial Automation and Industry 4.0

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