IoT Energy Harvesting and Power Management
IoT devices are often designed to operate on battery power for extended periods of time, which requires careful management of energy usage. In some cases, energy harvesting techniques can be used to generate power from the environment, such as solar panels or vibration sensors. Here are a few examples of IoT energy harvesting and power management with code snippets to illustrate their functionality.
- Solar-powered IoT Device with Arduino:
Arduino is a popular platform for building DIY IoT devices, and it can be powered by a solar panel connected to a rechargeable battery. Here's an example of using an Arduino board and a solar panel to power a temperature and humidity sensor:
#include <Wire.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <Adafruit_BME280.h>
#include <LowPower.h>
#define SEALEVELPRESSURE_HPA (1013.25)
Adafruit_BME280 bme;
void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600);
if (!bme.begin(0x76)) {
Serial.println("Could not find a valid BME280 sensor, check wiring!");
while (1);
}
}
void loop() {
delay(5000);
float temperature = bme.readTemperature();
float humidity = bme.readHumidity();
float pressure = bme.readPressure() / 100.0F;
float altitude = bme.readAltitude(SEALEVELPRESSURE_HPA);
Serial.print("Temperature = ");
Serial.print(temperature);
Serial.println(" *C");
Serial.print("Humidity = ");
Serial.print(humidity);
Serial.println(" %");
Serial.print("Pressure = ");
Serial.print(pressure);
Serial.println(" hPa");
Serial.print("Altitude = ");
Serial.print(altitude);
Serial.println(" m");
LowPower.powerDown(SLEEP_8S, ADC_OFF, BOD_OFF);
}
- Vibration-powered IoT Device with Raspberry Pi:
Raspberry Pi is a popular platform for building more complex IoT devices, and it can be powered by a vibration sensor that generates electricity from movement. Here's an example of using a Raspberry Pi and a vibration sensor to power a camera module and capture images:
import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
import time
from picamera import PiCamera
GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
GPIO.setup(17, GPIO.IN)
camera = PiCamera()
while True:
if GPIO.input(17):
print('Motion detected!')
camera.start_preview()
time.sleep(2)
camera.capture('/home/pi/Desktop/image.jpg')
camera.stop_preview()
time.sleep(0.1)
- Energy-efficient IoT Device with ESP32:
ESP32 is a popular microcontroller platform for building low-power IoT devices, and it includes features such as sleep modes and wake-up timers that can be used to conserve energy. Here's an example of using an ESP32 board to measure temperature and humidity using a DHT11 sensor and transmit the data over Wi-Fi:
#include <WiFi.h>
#include <PubSubClient.h>
#include <Adafruit_Sensor.h>
#include <DHT.h>
#define DHTPIN 5
#define DHTTYPE DHT11
#define WIFI_SSID "my_wifi_network"
#define WIFI_PASSWORD "my_wifi_password"
#define MQTT_SERVER "mqtt_server_address"
#define MQTT_PORT 1883
#define MQTT_TOPIC "temperature_humidity"
DHT dht(DHTPIN, DHTTYPE);
WiFiClient wifiClient;
PubSubClient mqttClient(wifiClient);
void setup() {
Serial.begin(115200);
WiFi.begin(WIFI_SSID, WIFI_PASSWORD);
while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) {
delay(100);
}
Serial.println("Connected to Wi-Fi");
mqttClient.setServer(MQTT_SERVER, MQTT_PORT);
}
void loop() {
delay(5000);
float temperature = dht.readTemperature();
float humidity = dht.readHumidity();
if (!isnan(temperature) && !isnan(humidity)) {
String payload = "{"temperature":" + String(temperature) + ","humidity":" + String(humidity) + "}";
if (mqttClient.connect("ESP32Client")) {
mqttClient.publish(MQTT_TOPIC, payload.c_str());
Serial.println("Published message: " + payload);
} else {
Serial.println("Failed to connect to MQTT server");
}
}
esp_sleep_enable_timer_wakeup(60 * 1000000); // sleep for 60 seconds
esp_deep_sleep_start();
}
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