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Tutorials > MongoDB > Working with nested documents and arrays

Working with nested documents and arrays

In MongoDB, it's common to store nested documents and arrays within a document, which can help you represent more complex data structures. Here are some examples of how to work with nested documents and arrays in MongoDB:

  • Working with nested documents:
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db.users.insertOne({
  name: "John",
  age: 30,
  email: "john@example.com",
  address: {
    street: "123 Main St",
    city: "Anytown",
    state: "CA",
    zip: "12345"
  }
})

This creates a user document with a nested address document. You can query and update fields within the nested document using dot notation:

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db.users.find({"address.city": "Anytown"})
db.users.updateOne({name: "John"}, {$set: {"address.zip": "67890"}})
  • Working with arrays:
php
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db.users.insertOne({
  name: "John",
  age: 30,
  email: "john@example.com",
  hobbies: ["reading", "cooking", "traveling"]
})

This creates a user document with an array of hobbies. You can query and update array elements using the $ positional operator:

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db.users.find({hobbies: "reading"})
db.users.updateOne({name: "John", hobbies: "reading"}, {$set: {"hobbies.$": "writing"}})

You can also use various array operators like $push, $pull, and $addToSet to add, remove, and manipulate elements within an array:

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db.users.updateOne({name: "John"}, {$push: {hobbies: "painting"}})
db.users.updateOne({name: "John"}, {$pull: {hobbies: "traveling"}})
db.users.updateOne({name: "John"}, {$addToSet: {hobbies: "writing"}})

By using nested documents and arrays, you can create more complex and flexible data models in MongoDB that allow you to store and manipulate a wide variety of data types and structures.



Next: Data modeling and schema design

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