Groovy Collections and Iteration

Collections in Groovy are data structures that allow you to store and manage multiple values in a single entity. Groovy provides several built-in collection classes, including lists, maps, ranges, and more.

Iteration is the process of repeating a set of statements for each element in a collection. Groovy provides several ways to iterate over collections, including for loops, while loops, and each() method.

Here are some examples of Groovy collections and iteration:

1. Lists: Lists are ordered collections of elements, and they are defined using square brackets [].

Example:

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def numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
println(numbers) // prints [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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1. Maps: Maps are unordered collections of key-value pairs, and they are defined using curly braces {}.

Example:

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def ages = [name: "John", age: 30, name: "Jane", age: 25]
println(ages) // prints [name:Jane, age:25, name:John, age:30]
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1. Ranges: Ranges represent a sequence of numbers, and they are defined using the .. operator.

Example:

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def range = 1..5
println(range) // prints [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
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1. For Loop: For loops can be used to iterate over a collection and perform actions on each element.

Example:

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def numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
for (number in numbers) {
  println(number)
}
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1. While Loop: While loops can also be used to iterate over a collection, but they continue to iterate as long as a certain condition is true.

Example:

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def numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def index = 0
while (index < numbers.size()) {
  println(numbers[index])
  index++
}
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1. Each Method: The each method is a convenient way to iterate over a collection and perform actions on each element.

Example:

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def numbers = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
numbers.each {
  println(it)
}
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These are the basic concepts of Groovy collections and iteration, and they allow you to work with multiple values and perform operations on them.