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Tutorials > C Programming > Input/Output functions

Input/Output functions

C has several functions for input and output operations. Some of the most commonly used input/output functions are:

  • printf(): The printf() function is used to print data to the screen. The general syntax for printf() is:
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printf("format_string", list_of_variables);

For example, the following code prints the string "Hello, World!" to the screen:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    printf("Hello, World!");
    return 0;
}
  • scanf(): The scanf() function is used to read data from the keyboard. The general syntax for scanf() is:
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scanf("format_string", &variable_name);

For example, the following code reads an integer from the keyboard and stores it in the variable age:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    int age;
    printf("Enter your age: ");
    scanf("%d", &age);
    printf("Your age is: %d", age);
    return 0;
}
  • gets(): The gets() function is used to read a string from the keyboard. The general syntax for gets() is:
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gets(variable_name);

For example, the following code reads a string from the keyboard and stores it in the character array name:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    char name[100];
    printf("Enter your name: ");
    gets(name);
    printf("Your name is: %s", name);
    return 0;
}
  • putchar(): The putchar() function is used to print a single character to the screen. The general syntax for putchar() is:
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putchar(variable_name);

For example, the following code prints the character 'A' to the screen:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    char ch = 'A';
    putchar(ch);
    return 0;
}
  • getchar(): The getchar() function is used to read a single character from the keyboard. The general syntax for getchar() is:
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getchar();

For example, the following code reads a single character from the keyboard and stores it in the variable ch:

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#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    char ch;
    printf("Enter a character: ");
    ch = getchar();
    printf("You entered: %c", ch);
    return 0;
}



Next: Control Structures

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