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Tutorials > PHP > Conditional Statements and Loops in PHP

Conditional Statements and Loops in PHP

Conditional Statements and Loops are fundamental programming concepts that allow developers to write dynamic and complex programs. In PHP, these are implemented using several language constructs, such as if-else statements, switch statements, while loops, for loops, and foreach loops.

Conditional Statements in PHP

Conditional statements are used to execute different blocks of code based on specific conditions. In PHP, the if-else statement is the most commonly used conditional statement. Here's an example:

php
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<?php
$age = 25;

if ($age >= 18) {
    echo "You are an adult";
} else {
    echo "You are a minor";
}
?>

In the example above, we use the if-else statement to check if the variable $age is greater than or equal to 18. If the condition is true, the program outputs "You are an adult." Otherwise, it outputs "You are a minor."

We can also use the switch statement to test multiple conditions. Here's an example:

php
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<?php
$fruit = "apple";

switch ($fruit) {
    case "apple":
        echo "The fruit is apple";
        break;
    case "banana":
        echo "The fruit is banana";
        break;
    default:
        echo "Unknown fruit";
}
?>

In this example, we use the switch statement to test the value of the variable $fruit. If the value is "apple," the program outputs "The fruit is apple." If the value is "banana," the program outputs "The fruit is banana." If the value does not match any of the cases, the program outputs "Unknown fruit."

Loops in PHP

Loops are used to repeat a block of code multiple times. In PHP, there are several types of loops: while, do-while, for, and foreach. Here are some examples:

While Loop

The while loop executes a block of code while a condition is true.

php
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<?php
$i = 1;

while ($i <= 10) {
    echo $i . " ";
    $i++;
}
?>

In this example, the program outputs the numbers from 1 to 10 using the while loop.

Do-While Loop

The do-while loop is similar to the while loop, but it executes the block of code at least once, regardless of the condition.

php
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<?php
$i = 1;

do {
    echo $i . " ";
    $i++;
} while ($i <= 10);
?>

In this example, the program outputs the numbers from 1 to 10 using the do-while loop.

For Loop

The for loop is used to execute a block of code a specific number of times.

php
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<?php
for ($i = 1; $i <= 10; $i++) {
    echo $i . " ";
}
?>

In this example, the program outputs the numbers from 1 to 10 using the for loop.

Foreach Loop

The foreach loop is used to iterate over an array.

php
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<?php
$colors = array("red", "green", "blue");

foreach ($colors as $color) {
    echo $color . " ";
}
?>

In this example, the program outputs the elements of the array $colors using the foreach loop.

These are some basic examples of conditional statements and loops in PHP. As you continue to learn PHP, you will encounter more complex examples that make use of these concepts.



Next: PHP Arrays

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